Industrial Automation Magazine India

Second Covid-19 wave could be avoided with social distancing, use of face mask

Published on : Monday 22-06-2020

A model developed by ISGlobal shows that deconfinement must be gradual and that individual behaviour is a key factor.

Barcelona, Spain – June 22, 2020 – Individual behaviour has a significant effect on preventing a large second wave of COVID-19 infections. In fact, maintaining social distancing and other interventions such as the use of face masks and hand hygiene could remove the need for future lockdowns, according to a modelling study performed by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), an institution supported by the ‘la Caixa’ Foundation. The findings, published in Nature Human Behaviour, also show that, in countries that have not yet reached the peak of active cases, lockdowns must remain in place for at least 60 days and deconfinement must be gradual in order to decrease the risk of second waves.

Several countries that initially imposed strict lockdown measures to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are in the process of lifting them. However, how and when to ease the restrictions is a difficult decision – a delicate balance between the need to reactivate the economy and the risk of a second wave of infections that could overwhelm healthcare systems. “The problem is that assessing this risk is difficult, given the lack of reliable information on the actual number of people infected or the extent of immunity developed among the population,” explains Xavier Rodó, head of ISGlobal’s Climate and Health programme. In this study, Rodó’s team present projections based on a model that divides the population into seven groups: susceptible, quarantined, exposed, infectious not detected, reported infectious and confined, recovered and death. It also allows to simulate both the degree of population confinement and the different post-confinement strategies.

“Our model is different because it considers the return of confined people to the susceptible population to estimate the effect of deconfinement, and it includes people’s behaviours and risk perception as modulating factors,” explains Xavier Rodó. “This model can be particularly useful for countries where the peak of cases has not yet been reached, such as those in the Southern hemisphere. It would allow to evaluate control policies and minimise the number of cases and fatalities caused by the virus” explains co-author and ISGlobal researcher Leonardo López.

The use of face masks, hand hygiene and ‘shelter in place’ mandates have already demonstrated benefits. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate their relevance as containment strategies. The results clearly show that the length of the first confinement will affect the timing and magnitude of subsequent waves, and that gradual deconfinement strategies always result in a lower number of infections and deaths , when compared to a very fast deconfinement process.